Bmw Drives Germany Essay Example

Bmw Drives Germany Essay Example Bmw Drives Germany Essay Bmw Drives Germany Essay Universal Business BMW Drives Germany By Peter Gumbel Assignment by Matthew Jackson Table of Contents: Page 1. Task Cover Sheet3 2. Question Summary4 3. Question 15 8 4. Question 2 9 10 5. Question 3. 111 13 3. 214 16 6. Question 417 19 7. Bibliography20 †23 8. Informative supplement A24 9. Reference section B25 Surname:Jackson First Names:Matthew William Student Number:102531 Subject:International Business Assignment Number:One Date Submitted:2008. 06. 12 Submission:Second Postal Address:PO Box 704 Shelly Beach 4265 E-mail:matthew. [emailprotected] co. za Contact Numbers:W039 315 0151 H039 312 0055 Cell0832834460 Course/Intake:MBA Year Two †January 2008 I thusly proclaim that the task submitted is a unique bit of work created without anyone else. Matthew Jackson 75122350090882008. 06. 12 Question Summary Sheet 1. Assess the move in BMW Germany’s demeanor and approaches toward FDI. Talk about utilizing significant hypothesis what you have distinguished just like the main impetus behind this adjustment in demeanor and arrangement. 2. Disclose the advantages to the German economy in BMW’s choice to keep up and improve its assembling activities in Germany. 3. In the event that BMW needed to expand its assembling activity into a creating Southern African nation, clarify what your suggestions would be to their CEO as to: 3. 1: Factors to consider before the definition of a worldwide procedure? E. g. Culture, Negotiation, and so on 3. 2: The procedure that BMW ought to use. Legitimize 4. Dissect the Global Competitive condition wherein BMW works and rank their situation in the business. Question 1: Evaluate the move in BMW Germany’s demeanor and approaches toward FDI. Talk about utilizing pertinent hypothesis what you have distinguished just like the main thrust behind this adjustment in disposition and arrangement. Presentation The Policy towards FDI referenced toward the beginning of the article by Gumbel (2007) was intensely affected by the nearby financial conditions in Germany at that point. Over the top work costs, inflexible association rules and Administrative Policies all affected BMW to examine answers for their neighborhood monetary stagnation from for the most part Oligopoly states of most organizations in the immersed European Market. BMW needed to discover arrangements somewhere else. Hypothesis and examination Duthmann et al. (2006) reports that Labor costs are customarily costly in Germany. This view is upheld by information from Appendix A. It was aggravated by the re-unification of East Germany and the Government expected to discover an answer for Unemployment. BMW utilized the key bit of leeway that these jobless East German Automotive specialists at Leipzig were giving, while at the same time helping government lower joblessness through FDI. Bringing down that part of the contributions to the worth chain had infused benefit to BMW’s profit. The Leontief Paradox expresses that nations that are inexhaustible in capital ought to be exporters of capital concentrated merchandise, and import work serious products. These imports didn't calm the strain on residential work concentrated enterprises. The Leontief Paradox debates the Heckscher-Olin hypothesis on the point that Factor blessings can be affected by Government Policy. BMW is a genuine model demonstrating that this oddity exists. Government mediation in the process of childbirth rights, the abbreviated work week and East German re-unification issues caused extreme weights on high work costs. This straightforwardly caused BMW to move their attention on speculation somewhere else, to accomplish cost decrease. The Benefits that Germany appreciated from permitting BMW to seek after their FDI endeavors are identified with their asset move impact, their work impact, their parity of installments impact and their impact on rivalry and financial development. Explicit parts for the calfskin seats and cockpits of BMW’s are fabricated by Fauracia. The normal asset calfskin is of better quality. The parts don't need to be shipped in as completed parts, in this manner acquiring transportation costs, customs and import obligations, and can be gathered nearby, offering prompt assistance support if necessary. Every one of these assets are moved from somewhere else and don't should be devoured and given by Germany. Permitting FDI from Daimler-Chrysler and Fauracia permits specialized assets to bring down the scholarly capital channel required in Germany, and this asset can be better used in different parts. Costs associated with Research and Development of individual parts required in get together at that point remains with the host country and not Germany, and brings down expenses for BMW. FDI impact on rivalry and financial development in Germany identifies with the Competition made by the contention between Daimler-Chrysler and BMW. This particularly influences administration ventures, for example, Management and these administrations must be conveyed in Germany where the vehicles are delivered. Radosevic and Rozeik (2005) gives an account of the Cluster in the Central European Economy, and the bunching of provider systems. BMW settled on a similar choice with respect to the gracefully of a portion of their parts to diminish costs. Slope (2007) examines Porters â€Å"Diamond Model† for the determinants of National Competitive Advantage. He is of the assessment that Governments impact the four determinants. To assess whether Germany’s perspectives and strategies towards FDI where compelling, we have to research the impacts the FDI choice had on elements of creation, for example, talented work and foundation, on request conditions (advanced clients in home market), related and supporting ventures, and firm technique, structure and competition (conditions for association of organizations, and the idea of local contention) Factor conditions were affected in Germany around then through their arrangements towards capital markets. The Business Times(2008) reports that Germany has the most straightforward financial System in Europe and is of the supposition that their high close to home annual expense rate will make cash eventually stream to Southeast Asia or Central America in the event that they don't transform it soon. Gumbel (2007) additionally expresses that the suspicion of Anglo-Saxon capital fund hampers the capital market despite the fact that Germany should draw advantage from the brought together European economy. In spite of the fact that mutual funds exist to help finance development inside the European Union (EU), Germany needs to control their capacity so singular neighborhood economies inside the EU might be invigorated. Germany has themselves given cash through the private division, despite the fact that the unification with East Germany took a great deal of venture to grow once more. This choice would thus be able to be assessed as a decent energizer for household large scale monetary development. Watchman (1980) note that nearby government as a rule shape neighborhood request conditions in increasingly inconspicuous manners. Nearby Product Standards have consistently been high in Germany, and guidelines for purchasers needs are carefully controlled. The move towards FDI will fit in with this favorable position. Gumbel (2007) suggests the way that Germany has consistently put intensely in their Automotive Industry through sponsoring related and supporting enterprises by means of their customary designing ability. BMW moved Faurecia, the organization that manufactures their seats and cockpits, on location to make a regressive Vertical FDI. This quickens the mutual worth chain exercises, and co-ordinates strong businesses. The cutting of Transportation costs by moving Faurecia on location permitted the exceptional conditions made by mass customization to be tackled despite the fact that the cockpits collected for the most part have a high incentive to weight proportion. BMW sorted out their firm structure as Porter’s Diamond Model proposed they ought to through utilizing the executives structures that are actually prepared and takes into consideration various leveled precise item and procedure upgrades. This can be found in their Mass Customization program that has honey bee the existence line of their present achievement. The Domestic Rivalry among BMW and Daimler-Chrysler Mercedes-Benz has additionally generally been answerable for the nonstop item development at BMW. This brought about the drive to decrease input expenses to the Value Chain and improve nature of their item through computerization and utilization of mechanical autonomy. FDI was one of the sources BMW recognized that gives development, lower expenses and better quality. It is additionally the conspiracy with Daimler-Chrysler to grow new cross breed motors that gives them new innovation. This must be advantageous to the two organizations using FDI. Conversation FDI was a decent answer for exploit factor conditions, for example, incredible specialized assets, previously existing Research and Development framework, Germany’s great financial framework, and solid nearby capital speculation approaches, the bound together Euro. Request conditions, for example, High nearby quality in item gauges, the actually prepared administration firm structures inborn in most German associations, and the longstanding local contention with Daimler-Chrysler Mercedes, have all made and condition where FDI turned into the sensible answer for the difficulties they confronted. The Macro-monetary outcome of the Foreign Direct Investment permitted Germany to bring down joblessness without apportioning some portion of the Gross Domestic Product to improve it. FDI made employments explicitly for the jobless East German car industry laborers in Leipzig. The Balance of installments impact permitted Germany to have a development pace of 2. 8% a year ago. This permitted net fares of $200 Billion, of which BMW appeared on their own equalization articulation sound income of $65 Billion. This was accomplished by building up FDI to sub for imports of products or administrations and therefore on a nonstop premise will improve the present record of Germany. End The cozy relationship of Porter’s Model of determinants of near favorable position to the FDI choice was talked about. This indicated the exactness of FDI in giving a he

Management of Organization TESCO

Question: Examine about theManagement of Organizationfor TESCO. Answer: Presentation: Representatives are one of the most critical parts for making the progress of any association. Keeping up prevalent nature of items and offering productive types of assistance to the clients are exceptionally reliant on representative execution. It has been seen that countless business associations will in general show their one-sided mentality while enlisting representatives towards business process. One-sided mentality may infer as far as sexual orientation biasness or social and strict biasness. Be that as it may, this specific examination centers to assess the significance of various workforce at the association. Different kinds of assorted variety the executives methodology have likewise been engaged to be introduced in this particular investigation. Brief Overview of the Organization: TESCO is essentially well known for one of the most unmistakable market holding a lofty situation in the domain of retail industry. This specific association has extended their business in the market of Singapore also to convey their items and administrations to the clients of Singapore. Basic food item and general product is the center result of TESCO. Under the central authority of Dave Lewis, this specific association has just made an interest in the market of Singapore even because of its incredible client support framework. Moderate value run is one of the best reasons because of which this specific association has just drawn the consideration of worldwide clients. Around 476,000 workers are personally related inside the business procedure of TESCO (tesco.com 2017). TESCO Plc is had with around 26,000 representatives. Social assorted variety is one of the most significant factors because of which the business procedure of this association had reached to the universal market. Before accomplishing the height of worldwide acknowledgment, this specific association needs to actualize some significant systems and strategies on decent variety the board for enrolling the capable and skillful representatives inside business. The foundation of business procedure of TESCO is enriched with global nations. Thusly, the business specialists are adaptable enough to enlist the individuals of various strict and social foundations. According to the human asset the board strategy, it has been seen that individuals are enrolled inside the association according to their ability, aptitude and scholarly foundation. Sexual orientation disparity and social biasness keeps a business association from being internationally perceived. Accordingly, the business specialists of TESCO have chosen to keep up uniformity among the workers. Attributes of Workforce and Types of Diversity at the Workplace: TESCO while selecting an individual representative at the work environment essentially centers to include three significant qualities inside the workforce. The above all else qualities that TESCO expects to center while selecting a representative is aptitude of adoptability. While working with the individuals of various societies and foundations, an individual worker needs to confront countless difficulties at work environment (Lauring 2013). Along these lines, each individual worker ought to have the ability of receive any sort of culture. Scholastic ability is one of the most huge components that the business specialists of TESCO will in general make a significant concern while enrolling a representative. For a model, before giving the post of money official, the human asset chief means to give the extension to that person who is having an administration degree in account (Nielsen and Nielsen 2013). Finally, TESCO likes to delegate those workers who are having an astounding adminis tration ability to defeat any sort of abrupt boundary or challenge. This specific association is established with three significant kinds of assorted variety at their working environment that incorporates age decent variety, Religious assorted variety and social decent variety. According to the arrangement of HR administrator, the youthful new up-and-comers are designated as junior. The vast majority of the youthful up-and-comers are having least understanding (Barak 2016). Therefore, the business specialists don't give them to hold the situation of seniors. Then again, the administration approach of TESCO suggests that senior workers ought to be advanced for the post of chief in the wake of having over ten years experience. It is unquestionable that individuals from different strict foundations are solidly connected with the business procedure of TESCO. The essential target of HR supervisor is to focus on the capacity of workers instead of demonstrating their strict foundations (Klein, Becker and Meyer 2012). Like a similar way, individuals of diffe rent societies are likewise designated inside the business procedure TESCO. Accordingly, before shaping business procedure and strategy the business chiefs get the extension to get aggregate choice from the workers of numerous strict and social mentalities. Sorts of Diversity Management Strategy Implemented at the Workplace: Execution of assorted variety the board at the working environment is exceptionally essential to increase universal picture and notoriety for a business association. So as to accomplish acknowledgment in the worldwide market, TESCO business specialists have chosen to follow assorted variety the board at the work environment so candidates from different foundations can apply for a few posts inside the association. Simultaneously, assorted variety the board empowers the business specialists to give equivalent need and reaction to both male and female workers (Gotsis and Kortezi 2013). In any case, so as to actualize decent variety the executives at the work environment, TESCO business specialists need to follow some fundamental methodology at the work environment. Giving equivalent redesign and pride to all representatives is one of the best systems. Representatives ought to be decided according to their gifts and aptitudes instead of their mental and social perspectives (Al Ariss, Cas cio and Paauwe 2014). Decency is another methodology of keeping up decent variety the board at the working environment. Business chiefs should treat each individual representative at the work environment with equivalent regard. In this manner, representatives additionally might want to show their appreciation towards hierarchical help process. The chief technique of actualizing assorted variety the executives at the working environment of TESCO incorporates worker evaluation (Hislop 2013). The HR chiefs like to enroll the representatives by taking an appraisal as opposed to engaging any extraordinary suggestion for old workers. In this way, able and gifted representatives get chance to exceed expectations their abilities. End: The whole examination centers to manage the different parts of assorted variety the board inside the business association. Decent variety at the work environment is profoundly significant with the assistance of which individuals from various societies and religions get degree to show their aptitudes just as abilities. This particular examination features the different sorts of decent varieties at has been actualized at the work environment of TESCO Singapore. Simultaneously, the examination delineates various decent variety the executives techniques and approaches applied inside the association. Reference List: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. furthermore, Paauwe, J., 2014. Ability the board: Current speculations and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Barak, M.E.M., 2016.Managing assorted variety: Toward an all inclusive comprehensive working environment. Sage Publications. Gotsis, G. what's more, Kortezi, Z., 2013. Moral standards as potential establishments of assorted variety the board activities in business organizations.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(6), pp.948-976. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge administration in associations: A basic presentation. Oxford University Press. Klein, H.J., Becker, T.E. what's more, Meyer, J.P. eds., 2012.Commitment in associations: Accumulated intelligence and new headings. Routledge. Lauring, J., 2013. Universal decent variety the executives: Global beliefs and neighborhood responses.British Journal of Management,24(2), pp.211-224. Nielsen, B.B. furthermore, Nielsen, S., 2013. Top supervisory group nationality assorted variety and firm execution: A staggered study.Strategic Management Journal,34(3), pp.373-382. Tesco.com. 2017.Tesco | Online Groceries, Homeware, Electricals Clothing. [online] Available at: https://www.tesco.com [Accessed 26 Feb. 2017].

Questioning the Social Order - Literature Essay Samples

Edith Whartons The House of Mirth creates a subtle, ironic, and superbly crafted picture of the social operation of turn-of-the-century New York. In her harsh expression of community, she succeeds in portraying a world of calculation operating under the pretenses of politeness. The characters become competitors in the highly complex game of social positioning with an amorphous body of socially formed laws. Through her presentation of Lily Bartons ongoing struggles to recover her footing-each time on a slightly lower level in this game of skill, Wharton forces her audience to question this social order (272). Lilys fate gives way to a satirical commentary on how a social order governed by convention, sanctions, beliefs, and customs can crush its individual members by mutating into a force greater than its collection of participants.Whartons bleak portrayal of this environment reveals an exchange system in which transactions are made only to further ones personal interest. Shaping this perception are the relations between men and women; as Lily explains to Selden, women must enter into partnerships (14) to strategically enhance their standing in the social regime. Lily must use her beauty and charm to allure a mate with the monetary power which to solidify her place in the upper circle. Compatibility beyond the advantages of the match in the social scheme is of little import, explaining Lily attempts at alluring Percy Gryce to do the honor of boring her for life (29). With similar motivations, Simon Rosedale offers Lily complete financial backing in exchange for the social savoir-fare to enter New York high society. Lily recognizes Rosedales small, stock-taking eyes, which [make] her feel herself no more than some super-fine human merchandise, confirming her awareness that marriage is a mere business transaction. The emotionally barren marriages which emerge from these motivations, confirm the notion that relationships truly are a pretense. Lily observ es long stretch[es] of vacuity between the Trenors as they sit at opposite ends of the diner table at Bellomont. Gus financial backing is the spark which provides the current for Judys glaring good looks, of a jewelers window lit by electricity (59). Further tarnishing the picture of conjugal bliss is the continuance of the Dorsets relationship despite Berthas philandering. Wharton shadows the true nature of their marriage; immediately after Gus discovers the truth about Bertha and Ned Silverman, the Dorsets are seen presenting their customary faces to the world[;] she was engrossed in establishing her relation with an intensely new gown, he shrinking with dyspeptic dream from the multiplied solicitations of the menu (223). She needs his financial resources just as he recquires her presence to continue their unmitigated status of social prestige. Wharton includes the consequences of failure to fulfill conventional contractual roles in this society when Lilys father bec[omes] ext inct when he cease[s] to fulfill his purpose (36).The alliance between men and women adds yet another dimension to the competition. Women become commodities in the marketplace who must champion their own assets over those of their competitors while men become the consumers of these societal products. In Lilys observations of the operative nature of female society, she shows an understanding of the fragile nature of these relationships which only seem to thrive in the absence of rivalry.The collective nature of her interests exempted her from the ordinary rivalries of her sex, and she knew no more personal emotion than that of hatred for the women who presumed to have bigger dinners or have more amusing house parties than herself. As her social talents, backed by Mr. Trenors bank-account, almost assured her ultimate triumph in such competitions, success had developed in her an unscrupulous good nature toward the rest of her sex, and in Miss Barts utilitarian of her friends, Mrs. T renor ranked as the woman least likely to go back on her. (44)Despite her seeming understanding of female alliances, it is in Lilys calculation of these relationships that she makes her fatal errors. Despite Judys warning of Berthas nastiness, Lily initially draws the battle-lines between herself and Bertha at Bellomont when she interrupts a private meeting between Bertha and Selden. The failure to recover this relationship ultimately allows her to become singled out as a sacrifice (253) when Bertha needs to maintain superficial dignity and her marriage with George. Lily also blunders when she uses her guile and charm to manipulate Gus into speculating for her; in doing so, she loses her most powerful ally, Judy, by tapping into the one source of Judys jealousy- Gus pocketbook. Lilys beauty and social grace threaten these women, and her failure to garner their support proves devastating. Her assets are easily disposable in a social system which functions with little loyalty. Alt hough Lily treats her beauty as a weapon she [has] slowly fashioned for her own vengeance, (37) this advantage in the field of males proves to be a detriment in her dealings with females. Her assets are easily disposable in a social system which functions with little loyalty.In this game of intense competition, Wharton seems to toy with many of the ideas of social Darwinism. Even Lily understood that beauty is only the raw material of conquest and that to convert it into success other arts are recquired.(38). In the battle for social position, only the fittest will survive in a system independent from morality. The application of this logic to the social environment explains why the lower organisms (23) Gus Trenor and Percy Gryce are able to maintain their position as the economic pinnacles of society. Enforcing this notion is Judy Trenors remark that for always getting what she wants in the long run, commend me to a nasty woman (48). In Judys insightful observation lies a poten tial answer to what factor makes Lily incompatible with a society that she seemingly possesses the attributes to dominate. While raised in an environment that has impeccably polished and finely tuned her social graces into an art form, she appears to lack the baseness of character to achieve success in the struggle for social position. She is unable to Berthas letters to use to her advantage, thereby exposing the injustice of her social punishment. Similarly, Lily fails explain to Judy the pretenses under which that she took money from Gus. Although Lily might not completely exhaust her arsenal of social weapons, she seems to be a victim of the forces of chance. A sense of arbitrariness of the operative system of society emerges through Lilys economic decension from the social ornament of the Dorsets and Trenors, to social advisor for the Gormers and then Norma Hatch, then to a laborer in a factory, and ultimately to the isolation of the boarding house.Society functions as a for ce that manipulates actions and the human components become like puppets on a stage. The momentum of social forces obliterates the moral sensibility of individuals within the system. The spectacle of Mrs. Pensitons rigid adherence to her strict moral code as she plays at religious miserliness seems particularly ironic as it is used to reward the spiritually correct Grace Stepney, who most likely shaped Mrs. Penistons decision to disinherit Lily. Sadly enough these are the only warped moral standards which emerge from this society; all of the other characters lack any concept of ethics. Rosedale thinks nothing of advising Lily to blackmail Bertha for her own advantage. Judy cuts Lily from social prominence the minute that their connection is no longer socially acceptable. In establishing this framework, Wharton carefully orchestrates the actions of her characters until they perform their roles in nearly robotic calibration to what their proper roles in the social order depleted of moral considerations. The surface of interaction which conforms to the quest for social prestige overrides and blurs the moral sense of the characters. Manners become a guise for the underlying struggles of power. Conversation becomes the embodiment of artification. In clever bantering the characters carefully take risks, not revealing a large amount of personal feeling. This lack of truth is carried to the extent that it is a tacit rule that one conceals all feelings and thoughts that do not conform with what is socially condoned. Selden is the one individual who attempts to distance himself from this environment. With his lofty, pretentious talk of a republic of the spirits, (73) one could nearly hope that there is an alternative to the crassly materialistic and competitive social environment. During Lilys conversations with Selden, we see Lily diverge from the socially accepted, almost scripted, dialogue. Lily describes, [t]here were in her at the moment two beings, o ne drawing deep breaths of freedom and exhilaration, the other grasping for air in a little black prison-house of fears (69).Selden offers Lily with an alternative to the world of social hierarchy and succeeds in allowing Lily momentary separation from the social system. During moments with him, the (her) free spirit quivered for flight (69). It is during these moments, when Lily is divorced from her social conditioning, that she encounters a way of thinking that makes her continuation in this society impossible. Lilys battle between her inner and outer persona explains the inconsistency in her behavior. When she is carrying out her socially approved ways, she achieves great success in the social world, but her digressions from this mind frame give rise to moral and ethical considerations that destroy her carefully articulated social plans. As Selden notes, to be the unforeseen element in a career so accurately planned was stimulating even to a man who had renounced sentimental experiments (73). But Seldens lip service to such ideas is undermined by his failure to affirm them when the opportunity arises. It is Selden who ultimately remains chained to the social force when he refuses to rescue Lily from her social demise until it is too late. Wharton makes a resounding statement on the inability for someone within the system to escape intact. The mechanisms of the systems overwhelm the individual until he is incompatible with the world outside of the social rat race, but he is unable to continue within its grip. Selden succeeds in releasing Lily from societys trap, but never completely escapes from this because of his need to remain in his comfort zone until it is too late to rescue Lily. Although Lily is ultimately freed from her role in the social system, her fragmented character cannot survive without the machine she depended upon for so long. As Lilys moral self is crystallized her social position and self-worth are shattered. Then one must w onder about the truth in Selden observation that she was so evidently the victim of the civilization which had produced her that the links of her bracelet seemed like manacles chaining her to her fate (9). However, Wharton creates a more complex picture than that of Lilys plight as a victim helplessly struggling against her environment. Throughout her societal career, she consciously makes choices that are conventionally taboo. Despite her impeccable breeding and skilled articulation, the recollection of similar situations, as skillfully led up to, but through some malice of fortune, or her own unsteadiness of purpose, always failing on the intended result.(262). In these incidents, it appears that Lilys social decline is in part a result of her choices. The key here would be to evaluate to what extent she chooses with full comprehension of possible fatal ramifications and which choices are made as conscious rejection of the corrupt moral system of high society New York. As ev idenced by Lilys skillful manipulation of the social game, she knowingly threatens her position by taking risks. When Lily leans[s] back in a luxury of discontent and when she meets Rosedale as she exits the Benedict, she seems to be aware of the taboo of a single woman visiting a bachelors residence (9). The problem of evaluating Lily through the framework of her decisions is the fact that, until the end, Lily still clings to material comforts provided by this world. One can even conjecture that her life was ended by her failure to be able to survive in a world in which economic wealth is been replaced by spiritual wealth.

Steam Jet Refrigeration System - 1967 Words

A Seminar Report On Working Principal of Steam jet refrigeration system Submitted by Amit Prakash Roll No-1126004 Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Patna Patna-800005, Bihar (India) Candidate Declaration This is to certify that seminar report entitled Working principle of Steam jet refrigeration system has been prepared by me under the supervision of Dr. Amarnath Sinha Professor†¦show more content†¦Flashing a portion of the water in the tank reduces the liquid temperature. Figure 3.66 presents a schematic arrangement of a steam jet refrigeration system for water cooling. In the system shown, high-pressure steam expands while flowing through the nozzle 1. The expansion causes a drop in pressure and an enormous increase in velocity. Steam flows through the ejector (or sometimes called an eductor or venturi) and creates a low pressure zone in the branch nozzle of the ejector. The low pressure nozzle is connected to a chamber filled with water.As the pressure continues to reduce in the water filled chamber the water begins to boil. This provides the cooling action. The velocity is gradually reduced in the diffuser but the pressure of the steam at the condenser 4 is increased 5-10 times more than that at the entrance of the diffuser (e.g. from 0.01 bar to 0.07 bar).This pressure value corresponds to the condensing temperature of 40 °C. This means that the mixture of high-pressure steam and the flash vapor may be liquefied in the condenser. The latent heat of condensation is transferred to the condenser water, which may be at 25  °C. The condensate 5 is pumped back to the boiler, from which it may again be vaporized at a high pressure. The evaporation of a relatively small amount of water in the flash tank (or flash cooler) reduces the temperature of the main bodyShow MoreRelatedINTRODUCTION The reduction or reuse of waste heat provides an excellent opportunity for cost3400 Words   |  14 Pagesand working fluid for efficient heat source utilization. This study presents a theoretical and an experimental analysis of a combined power/cooling cycle, which combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, uses ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid and produces power and refrigeration, while power is the primary goal. This cycle, also known as the Goswami Cycle, can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or as an independent cycle using lowRead MoreSolar Energy.The Form Of Electromagnetic Energy Emitted1902 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough the absorption desorption process without the requirement of large shaft work input. 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Essay The Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus - 993 Words

In a play known as The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, written by Christopher Marlowe in the late fifteen-hundreds, is about a German Scholar who has mastered all the traditional subjects, but with an overly ambitious need of wanting to learn more about the world. During that period, they were to not question the world, because it was like questioning their belief in God. Therefore, the subject that he turned to was of the dark arts. Faustus knew some scholars that taught him their ways. He trained himself as a summoner and summoned a devil names Mephistopheles; Faustus questioned Mephistopheles and demands for the bringing of Lucifer. In which the devil responds to him by telling about the horrors of hell and how heaven is the best†¦show more content†¦Faustus had the sin of lust and pride present instead of God, which is two out of the seven deadly sins. So, when he was to call for God, for feeling guilty, he received the response from Lucifer and Mephistopheles becaus e he was their minion now and they had to keep him that way. Faustus was only feeling guilty because he was scared that the Christian beliefs were true, and he did not want to pay the price if it was, the response from the devils showed that they were the only â€Å"Gods† that will be there for him. Likewise, Marlowe was believed to be an atheist in a world of Christians, and those Christians who knew about it would try and scare him into repenting for not believing in God. So, Marlowe had to have a comparable situation in order to depict it so well, but in the end, he was unchanged by their worlds and stuck with his own beliefs. Furthermore, because God did not appear at any point in the play, presenting that Faustus was to not believe in God at any point in his life, unless the fear of Christianity was to overtake him making him repent. It was as if God, if he were present in the play, knew that Faustus was never going to believe in him, so he did not care for Faustus because he was too far gone. But the bible also presents that God wants everyone to go to heaven, which is why it is ok to repent in the final hours in order toShow MoreRelated The tragical history of Doctor Faustus Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowes best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. Introduction: The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowes best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. 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Faustus chooses to leave his studies to pursue knowledge in black magic. Faustus believes â€Å"A sound magician is a mighty god† (500). In his efforts to learn more about black magic, he in turn sells his soul to the devil. Faustus could repent his sins atRead MoreImplication Of Costume Design Choices Of William Shakespeare s Doctor Faustus Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesImplication of Costume Design Choices in Staging Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus â€Å"An effective costume engages the audience’s attention and enhances the production and the actor’s performance: (1) it visually defines and supports the character developed by the actor, and (2) it helps establish the overall theme and mood of the production as interpreted by the director. 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Stakeholder Engagement in Adaptation Interventions - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stakeholder Engagement in Adaptation Interventions. Answer: Introduction: Stakeholders are an important part of any business organisation. Each company works towards maximizing the interests of the stakeholders. Stakeholders can be considered as key element of any corporate entity. Stakeholder can be understood as any person, group, community that has interest or concern in the organization. Stakeholders can be affected or affect the organizations objectives, actions policies. Stakeholders can be understood as creditors, directors, shareholders, government agencies, owners, suppliers, agencies, community etc., from which business draws its resources. Stakeholders have different stakes or interests in the company and hence not all of them are equal ( Vallaster Wallpach, 2013) In this report, we will understand the scope of different stakeholders, their vested interests in the company and how to effectively engage the stakeholders. Not all stakeholders are active and participate in business communication. Some are dormant by nature and hence it becomes really difficult for organisation to grow when all the stakeholders are not on the same page. Engagement is extremely essential for any businesss growth and thus requires active participation of stakeholders. Also, some of the concern in engagement of stakeholders is voicing their opinion; some of the stakeholders are dominated by others, which result in unequal voicing on an issue or a problem. These stakeholders thus forms a part of the minority group, whose concern are not paid enough heads to, this is extremely hurtful for any companys interests. To engage these kinds of stakeholders, different ideas have to be thought of; thinking out of the box will only help them to give their voices a platform and at tention too. Hence, it can be established that a genuine representative engagement is a must and should for any companys goals and objectives and also to further lead the company to the path of success. Any successful company in the present world relies heavily on the stakeholders participation and engagement (Andriof, Waddock, Husted Rahman, 2017). In the report further we will see how we can increase the genuine participation of stakeholders in the organisation and what measures could be taken to increase the engagement. Stakeholder engagement: It can be understood as the process through which a company interacts with its stakeholders in order to achieve a desired outcome or objective, this helps them to achieve a desired outcome with increased accountability. In earlier days , stakeholder engagement used to be done only in order to mitigate the risks, but now, after understanding the importance of it, stakeholder engagement have become proactive as it helps to enhance sustainability and profitability of the organisation (RInaldi,Unerman Tilt, 2014). There are numerous opportunities to interact with the stakeholders, organisation should carefully observe and then nurture the relationships it wants to build with the stakeholders. Benefits of engaging with the stakeholders: Building trust: This goes down a long road as it certainly helps in strengthening the ties between the company and stakeholders and also helps in improving relationships. It also helps to reduce any tension what so ever between the company and the stakeholders (Dawkins,2014) Risk Management: Stakeholders, if are on the same page as the company it goes a long way in mitigating the risk and creating a stable environment and a great workplace for everyone. Brand enhancement: Engaging with stakeholders in a positive manner helps the brand getting an increased visibility and thus earning a good reputation for the company. Customer, investors and other stakeholders see this as a sign of strength and growth, thus making the companys brand more powerful (Gao Zhang, 2006) Improved Productivity: Better engagement with the stakeholders can also increase the productivity of the company, stakeholders come from different expertise and a great experience, and hence their inputs can help in increasing the productivity of the organisation (Riordan Fairbrass, 2014) Strategic opportunities: Stakeholders helps to identifying new avenues of business and also new areas in which company can be more efficient and thus explore new business segments and markets. Increased partnership: Engaging with stakeholders can get the companies more resources and also create a resource pool to achieve a common goal. Increased investment: Engaging with stakeholders can help the company attract greater investment form the impactful and deep pockets investors (Carman Workman, 2017) It is really essential to build a great relationship with the stakeholders and engaging with them is the only way to derive that. Achieving genuine representation of stakeholders is a concern for the managers, but there are a couple of methods by which engagement of the stakeholders can be ensured Engagement strategies for stakeholders: Engagement type Description Communicate/Disclose It can be understood as one way communication from the company to stakeholders, the information can be about new practices, developments that may impact them. This goes down in building a relationship with the stakeholders and also demonstrates transparency in the system. Examples of this type of communication can be bulletins, speeches, presentations, newsletters , open houses, town hall meetings etc. Consult Company may ask for stakeholders advise on decision making, this would make the stakeholders feel empowered and also a feeling of importance sets in them. When the company is valuing the feedback given by stakeholders, it really helps in getting them engaged. Examples can be surveys, assessments, workshops, feedback etc. Participate It can be seen as a two way communication between the stakeholder and the company in matter of decision making. The decisions are thus taken by individual or by voting system. Examples can be leadership summit, focus groups, interviews, research and analysis. Partner/Negotiate This can be seen as collaboration between the parties for a mutual interest. The company and stakeholders develop synergies and hence also reduce the risks by covering all the thinking aspects to a problem. Examples can be joint committee, joint ventures, partnerships, alliances. Empower Stakeholders are given special powers to influence companys governance and also get involved in important decision making. Examples of this type of engagement can be, stakeholders representation on the board, warranty etc. It is though established that public forums like open house meetings, town halls can get a bigger representation of stakeholders and goes a long way to ensure their engagements. I am totally in sync with the ideology that goes behind organising public meetings to get stakeholders representation. Minority Representation: There is no denial that there are certain stakeholders who are more active than the other , but by using the different engagement strategies as mentioned above can help the stakeholders to engage more with the company. There are certain stakeholders who are more vocal and articulate about their opinions and raising their voice over others, the same can be contributed to their personality traits of being vocal. This is a cause of concern for the company as it disallows or demotivates other stakeholders who are less confident and are not vocal, they thus form a part of the minority group. Such stakeholders thus end up being quiet or raising their voice or opinion, and hence leads to a lesser participation in comparison to other stakeholders. This can lead to some serious damage to the company as some views opinion might be worthy of being listened to, but gets lost due to such strong stakeholders. Company should thus ensure that all the stakeholders should participate. This can be ensu red by individual meeting with the stakeholders, where they can open up to the engagers and give their view point. Other techniques which will help the process can be feedback, mail exchange, motivation to the stakeholders, empowering them , explain them the importance of their contribution to the companys growth, making them understand organisation values their feedback and the same can only be achieved if they overcome their fear and indulge in active participation in any form possible (Conley Wright, 2015) Guidelines for a successful engagement: Engaging with stakeholders at an early stage and more often: Proactive, transparent communication with the stakeholders can built trust and also makes them realize their importance to the organisation. It also shows that the company is committed to engagement with its stakeholders. Hence, even if there is no pressing need to engage with the stakeholders, keeping them in loop on even normal day to day matter would make them feel important thus ensuring their better participation (Krogman, 2017) Keep the language easy for the stakeholders: The communication which is put out to the stakeholders should be presented in such a manner which is really easy to understand, succinct and easy to absorb. Difficult language makes it really confusing at ties for the stakeholders which might make them shy to engage with the content. Being thoughtful and sincere: It is a known t=fact that the stakeholders are backbone of any company, hence listening to them carefully and implementing the changes they have advised will be a big step towards further engagement. Listening to stakeholders will make them really comfortable and they would come out in the open and give their views more often and thus increasing their engagement with the company (Jami Walsh, 2014) Recognize challenges: Engagement requires a lot of time and resources and it has to be dealt with utmost importance. It also raises the stakeholders expectation when they are being engaged with the company, it can also lead to disappointment when their views are not considered, hence they have to be made to understand if and when their views and feedback are not considered and the rationale behind the same(Wardle, 2015) Engagement has to be tailored according to the context: Different stakeholders require different strategies of engagement; it also depends on the company size, project type, concern type and many other factors. Hence it is really important to tailor the content for different stakeholders according to the rele vancy of the context (Sherman Ford, 2014) There can also be certain issues or hindrances on the path of stakeholders engagement, which might also hold them back form engaging, some of the rampant issues which are regional can be: Social issues: Some of the stakeholders have social issues like health, job creation, studies, safety etc., and these issues matter more to the stakeholders in comparison to other issues like environment, hence they focus more on the social issues and less on the environmental issues this can be a hindrance on the path of engagement (Mok, Shen Yang, 2015) Different view of opinion: The stakeholders can be divided in two groups, urban and rural stakeholders. For examples urban stakeholders will focus more on the environmental impact because of the mining and excavation industries, whereas rural stakeholders will focus more on the employment opportunities. It thus kinds of creates a misbalance and can also be a cause of less engagement (Esmail, Moore Rein, 2015) Conclusion: It can be concluded by saying that the relationship building with the stakeholders takes a good amount of time and resources. The relationship building with the stakeholders is important. Engaging with them is a key aspect of any business, as these stakeholders have a great experience and learning of their field which is certainly useful for the companies. Thus such techniques should be adopted which helps to create a great ecosystem for the engagement. The language of communicating with the stakeholders have to be thought of, the feedback given have to be understood carefully before implementing any changes, at the same time if a view is not considered the rationale behind the same has to be made to understand to the stakeholders. Empowering the stakeholders will go down as the key strategy to increase the engagement with the company. Processes like open house meeting, town halls, gives a good opportunity of engagement with the stakeholders and also allows a great participation of e very stakeholder (Henisz , Dorobantu Nartey, 2014). References: Vallaster, C. and von Wallpach, S 2013, An online discursive inquiry into the social dynamics of multi-stakeholder brand meaning co-creation, Journal of Business Research, 66(9), pp.1505-1515. Andriof, J., Waddock, S, Husted, B. and Rahman, S.S 2017, Unfolding stakeholder thinking: theory, responsibility and engagement, Routledge. Rinaldi, L., Unerman, J. and Tilt, C 2014, The role of stakeholder engagement and dialogue within the sustainability accounting and reporting process, Sustainability accounting and accountability, pp.86-107. Dawkins, C.E 2014, The principle of good faith: Toward substantive stakeholder engagement, Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2), pp.283-295. Gao, S.S. and Zhang, J.J 2006, Stakeholder engagement, social auditing and corporate sustainability, Business process management journal, 12(6), pp.722-740. ORiordan, L. and Fairbrass, J 2014, Managing CSR stakeholder engagement: A new conceptual framework, Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), pp.121-145. Carman, K.L. and Workman, T.A 2017, Engaging patients and consumers in research evidence: applying the conceptual model of patient and family engagement, Patient education and counseling, 100(1), pp.25-29. Krogman, N 2017, Engaging local stakeholders, McGraw. Conley, H. and Wright, T 2015, Making reflexive legislation work: stakeholder engagement and public procurement in the Public Sector Equality Duty, Equality and Diversity Forum and EDF Research Network. Wardle, M 2015, Evidence Is Not Enough: The Challenges of Engaging Organisational Stakeholders with Different Perspectives, In Derailed Organizational Interventions for Stress and Well-Being (pp. 93-99). Springer Netherlands. Esmail, L., Moore, E. and Rein, A 2015, Evaluating patient and stakeholder engagement in research: moving from theory to practice, Journal of comparative effectiveness research, 4(2), pp.133-145. Mok, K.Y., Shen, G.Q. and Yang, J 2015, Stakeholder management studies in mega construction projects: A review and future directions, International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.446-457. Sherman, M.H. and Ford, J 2014, Stakeholder engagement in adaptation interventions: an evaluation of projects in developing nations, Climate Policy, 14(3), pp.417-441. Jami, A.A. and Walsh, P.R 2014, The role of public participation in identifying stakeholder synergies in wind power project development: The case study of Ontario, Canada. Renewable Energy, 68, pp.194-202. Henisz, W.J., Dorobantu, S. and Nartey, L.J 2014, Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement, Strategic Management Journal, 35(12), pp.1727-1748.

The Civil Rights Era free essay sample

Martin Luther king Jr. was a black clergy man, activist, and humanitarian his great speeches helped guide people who didn’t have full equality to freedom in the United States. Martin would not have been able to give his famous speeches that helped lead the civil rights movement without the democratic left wing of the government (John F. Kennedy). There are a select few presidential administrations that deeply contributed to the civil rights era such as Abraham Lincoln, John f. Kennedy, and Richard Nixon. These three presidents and their administrations all had an impact on where America is today. The freedom that Abraham Lincoln bestowed upon African Americans by creating and enforcing the emancipation proclamation was what greased the wheels for equality for all. This also led to things such as John F. Kennedy declaring equal rights for all Americans as well as equal working opportunities for women and all ethnic groups which wouldn’t have been possible if Lincoln’s administration hadn’t made it illegal to own people for slavery. We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil Rights Era or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another historic moment made possible by this was the financial aid which was granted by President Johnson to give to low or even no income homes. The ghettos inside of the United States could finally get the money they need. The left wing of the government also made so much possible for the civil rights conflict. JFK was forced to choose to support either the fight for freedom (which Martin Luther King jr was also a part of) or those who oppressed every one being equal (such as Wade in the court case Roe v. Wade). John chose to support Americans and their freedoms regarding abortions and Jim crow laws. The left wing was backing civil rights groups such as NOW (National Organization for Women), AIM (American Indian Movement), NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), NFWU (National Farm Workers Union), Etc. The democratic ideals really led to a breakdown of certain barriers for all sorts of men and women allowing people to be free without fear. Fear of discrimination at work, or not being allowed to work because of your gender, or how you won’t be treated fairly when you leave your home because of your color were all abolished. The three best presidential administrations the first would be the Lincoln administration, for it had brought freedom to African Americans and other slaves. Then the next administration would have to be JFKs, which had brought the civil rights act of 1964 which ended Jim Crow laws and other injustices many people faced. The third important administration that also impacted the civil rights era was Nixon’s, which ended segregation issues. Even though in 2013 segregation is no longer an issue among ethnic groups immigration reform is. Many immigrants were being deported without any criminal convictions. There are still racial injustices among all types of people, but compared to the 1960s people are a lot more humane making America feel freer than any other place.

Free Essays on Gay Marriage Should Be Denied

SAVAGE, TODD A., MARC E. FRISIELLO, and SHARON SCALES ROSTOSKY. "Gay Parents." International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family. Ed. James J. Ponzetti, Jr. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. 720-723. 4 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Thomson Gale. Camden County College. 17 February 2005 . Document links: 4 PDF Pages | How to Cite eBook links: About this Publication | eTable of Contents | eBook Index | List of Illustrations Library links: Full Text: Page 720 GAY PARENTS Research has consistently demonstrated that heterosexual adults retain consistently and overwhelmingly negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay males. Heterosexual adults commonly view this negativity as acceptable despite political rhetoric lauding the contributions and multiple perspectives of an increasingly diverse citizenry (Kite and Whitley 1996). The stigma, prejudice, and discrimination directed at people who identify themselves as homosexual are not confined to individual acts, but have been institutionalized and systematically perpetuated throughout the various levels of the culture. For example, the U. S. legal system does not recognize unions between same-sex partners, nor does it protect relationships between lesbian and gay male parents and their children (Patterson, Fulcher, and Wainright 2000). Despite such obstacles, lesbian and gay male individuals successfully create meaningful family relationships that not only prosper, but thrive (Patterson 2000). Gay Relationships and Legal Matters Legal recognition of unions (i.e., marriage) between heterosexual males and females has a longstanding history in the United States, Europe, and other parts of the world influenced by Western cultures. Such recognition has set the standards for acceptable relationships and the benefits that they are believed to bring. One common benefit of marriage relates to the establishment of families and the rearing of c... Free Essays on Gay Marriage Should Be Denied Free Essays on Gay Marriage Should Be Denied SAVAGE, TODD A., MARC E. FRISIELLO, and SHARON SCALES ROSTOSKY. "Gay Parents." International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family. Ed. James J. Ponzetti, Jr. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. 720-723. 4 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Thomson Gale. Camden County College. 17 February 2005 . Document links: 4 PDF Pages | How to Cite eBook links: About this Publication | eTable of Contents | eBook Index | List of Illustrations Library links: Full Text: Page 720 GAY PARENTS Research has consistently demonstrated that heterosexual adults retain consistently and overwhelmingly negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay males. Heterosexual adults commonly view this negativity as acceptable despite political rhetoric lauding the contributions and multiple perspectives of an increasingly diverse citizenry (Kite and Whitley 1996). The stigma, prejudice, and discrimination directed at people who identify themselves as homosexual are not confined to individual acts, but have been institutionalized and systematically perpetuated throughout the various levels of the culture. For example, the U. S. legal system does not recognize unions between same-sex partners, nor does it protect relationships between lesbian and gay male parents and their children (Patterson, Fulcher, and Wainright 2000). Despite such obstacles, lesbian and gay male individuals successfully create meaningful family relationships that not only prosper, but thrive (Patterson 2000). Gay Relationships and Legal Matters Legal recognition of unions (i.e., marriage) between heterosexual males and females has a longstanding history in the United States, Europe, and other parts of the world influenced by Western cultures. Such recognition has set the standards for acceptable relationships and the benefits that they are believed to bring. One common benefit of marriage relates to the establishment of families and the rearing of c...

Ethical Issues with Research on Lack of Parental Involvement and Essay

Ethical Issues with Research on Lack of Parental Involvement and Childrens Education - Essay Example This essay stresses that teachers can decide to fail students who provide negative feedback, or the parents can punish their children, who are the most helpless of the three and need protection. The researchers must ensure the protection of privacy but at the same time inform subjects of the limits of confidentiality. There are risks involved that the researcher must realistically minimize, especially when using e-mail or keeping digital files, or when these channels are used to send or receive research data which could be compromised and affect the study’s objectivity. This paper makes a conclusion that ethical issues of accuracy affect the whole study, from establishing parameters for measuring parental involvement and school performance to the interpretation and publication of the research findings. How would parental involvement be measured? This would require both objective (such as attendance to school activities or parents’ meetings) and subjective (degree of attention or participation in these gatherings) measures, and direct (tutoring for so many hours each day) and indirect (cooking nutritious meals and taking them with the children) methods of involvement. To add to the complexity of the topic, can a full-time parent who can tutor his son for an hour or two a day be ethically and objectively compared to a working parent who may not have the time and whose involvement is limited to sending her child motivational mobile phone messages a few minutes each afternoon?

Compare and Contrast between Islamic and Conventional Banking Term Paper

Compare and Contrast between Islamic and Conventional Banking - Term Paper Example Yet, riba or interest is not precisely defined in the Quran at the time of its prohibition. The prohibition of interest is generally understood to refer to any increment over and above the principal. It represents the return on transactions involving exchange of money for money, or an addition, because of delay in payment, to the agreed price on sale debts/debts. From an Islamic point of view under some concept of fairness, there are two dimensions: the supplier of capital possesses a right to reward, but this reward should be commensurate with the risk and effort involved and should be determined by the return realized on the individual project for which funds are supplied (Abdi, 2010, p 80). One of the primary rationales espoused by Muslim scholars is that the existence of riba (interest) in the economy is a form of economic exploitation, which violates the core Islamic teaching of social justice. Therefore, the elimination of interest from the economic system would be more â€Å" fair† and ethically and morally more appropriate economic behavior. The prohibition of interest (riba) and permission of trade drive the financial activities in an economy towards asset-backed businesses and transactions. This implies that all financial transactions must be representative of real transactions for the sale of goods, services or benefits (Abdi, 2010, p 81). Interest-free loans (alternative for usury) Islamic financial institutions must not only focusing on maximizing profit, but they should also play a vital role in addressing socio-economic issues such as poverty reduction and improvements in important aspects of human welfare (like education, illiteracy, reducing child mortality, youth insecurity and...Generally, equity financing under non-Islamic finance, savers would provide funds to enterprises in return for a share in its prospective net returns as well as a share in its management. However, in contrast, profit sharing funding of projects under Islamic fin ance is not for the whole life of the financed enterprise, but for a shorter period, as in the case of providing working capital. Profit sharing finance may be provided with and without sharing in management, Linked with profit sharing is the notion of risk sharing. This is based on the principle of liability, which states that profit is justified based on one’s obligation to take a loss. This legal maxim is said to be derived from a saying of the Prophet Mohammed that â€Å"profit comes with liability† implying that Shari’a distinguishes lawful profit from all other forms of gain. One becomes entitled to profit only after one bears the liability, or risk, of loss. Tax in Islamic banking (Zakat) Zakat- This is the requirement to benefit society through the collection of alms, which is known as Zakat Benefits Zakat For society, fractional reserve system allows banks to act as intermediaries that facilitate the movement of funds from savers to investors in a society. There are also significant economies-of-scale in banks making investment and lending decisions, as they have access to knowledge and expertise which individual investors or lenders generally do not.

What Can We Learn about Managemet Today from Exanining Its Historical Essay

What Can We Learn about Managemet Today from Exanining Its Historical Foundations - Essay Example Scientific management theory or classical management theory has its roots from the beginning and which later give birth to behavioral management theory. In scientific theory the focus is on how to increase productivity and efficiency. In order to find the best way to manage workers or employees managers will apply scientific solutions, such as training employees to a specific task to gain organizational goals. This approach only focuses on achieving results and getting productivity ignoring the motivation and will of the workers (Hartness, 47). The major contribution on this approach was put forward by Frederick Taylor also known as the father of scientific management (Kanigel, 8-9). American engineer named Frederick Winslow Taylor published â€Å"THE PRINCIPLE OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT â€Å"in 1911 was amongst the first modern management publisher inspired by the rise of industrial age (Beissinger, 19). Taylor believed managing people is a science (Taylor, 12). He tried to make ma nagers think of their employees as specialized replaceable components. He emphasizes on directing employees effectively on work more precisely can give the maximum security and success for employer (Aitken, 32). Behavioral management theory on the other hand focuses on how employees will work and how employers could manage the employees in conducting of work in an organizational setting. Its prime concern is employee behavior and expectations and involves the motivation factor which was ignored by scientific approach. During the development of behavioral management theory, a scientist named Elton Mayo conducted an experiment which proved that increasing human motivation and satisfaction will give good amount of productivity. Elton Mayo’s contributions came as a...Furthermore the essay will elaborate scientific school of thought under the working of Fredrick Winslow Taylor who believes employees are machines. Secondly behavioral school of thought will be discussed as per Elton Mayo’s experiments and findings regarding how productivity can be achieved if workers are inclined towards motivation. The work of Abraham Maslow in hierarchy of needs will be discussed and finally the work done by Sun Tzu in terms of behavioral approach will finally be put into consideration. In section two the essay will highlight the core issue regarding continuities and connections between the different stages of management how they are transformed and modified by different people at different era’s and how they were in practices. Furthermore in section two the essay will discuss a problem that has been dominant throughout and its solution given by Fredrick, Maslow and Mayo. Finally then some suggestion and recommendation will be discussed on how the problem can be solved and rectified and what necessary measures should be taken in order to achieve the desired goals.Productivity has always remained a problem for years and the managers of every era have been focusi ng on different techniques to improve the productivity. Some have worked whereas some have not.

Julius Caesar Essay: Brutuss and Antonys Speeches -- Julius Caesar E

Brutus's and Antony's Speeches in Julius Caesar William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is a tragic story of the dog and the manger. After Caesar is killed Mark Antony, a good friend of Caesar, plots to revenge his bloody death. He knows there is strength in numbers, and through a speech at Caesar's funeral, Antony plans to win the crowd of Rome and turn them against Brutus and the other conspirators. Cassius is one of the leading conspirators and is weary of Antony; Brutus is confident that there is nothing to fear, but he speaks before Antony at the funeral just to be safe. These two speeches, vastly different in message but similar in delivery, move the emotions of the people. Brutus's and Antony's speeches differ in length, have similar ways of keeping the crowd's attention, and differ in tone. The first and most obvious difference in the two funeral orations is their lengths. Brutus's speech is composed of 403 authoritative words; whereas Antony's speech makes an immense impact with 1097 words. Brutus is over-confident and only says what he needs to in order to get his point across. He does not expect anything more than a tear-filled eulogy from Antony, therefore shortening his explanation of Caesar's murder. Brutus is also having some regrets about his murderous deed, and he does not want to sound as if he is defending himself or his motives, simply interpreting them. Antony, on the other hand, has much more to say than Brutus anticipates. His speech is split into six lengthy sections. First, Antony counters what Brutus says by proving that Caesar was not ambitiou... ...ve in his cause rather than Brutus's. Finally, while the crowd is in awe of Brutus's raw power and booming authority, Antony uses sarcasm to rip down any respect the Roman people may have built for Brutus and the conspirators. In his funeral oration, Antony insults Brutus ten times by stating that he is "an honorable man" (Act III, scene ii, line 84) in a tone of biting mockery, therefore questioning Brutus's credibility. It is true that the Roman people have emotions that sway with the winds, but this is partly due to the great speaking skills of both Brutus and Mark Antony. Using different tactics, the speakers are able to play a game of tug-of-war. Antony unexpectedly pulls Brutus facedown into the mud where Caesar's blood, still fresh, forms puddles. Julius Caesar Essay: Brutus's and Antony's Speeches -- Julius Caesar E Brutus's and Antony's Speeches in Julius Caesar William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is a tragic story of the dog and the manger. After Caesar is killed Mark Antony, a good friend of Caesar, plots to revenge his bloody death. He knows there is strength in numbers, and through a speech at Caesar's funeral, Antony plans to win the crowd of Rome and turn them against Brutus and the other conspirators. Cassius is one of the leading conspirators and is weary of Antony; Brutus is confident that there is nothing to fear, but he speaks before Antony at the funeral just to be safe. These two speeches, vastly different in message but similar in delivery, move the emotions of the people. Brutus's and Antony's speeches differ in length, have similar ways of keeping the crowd's attention, and differ in tone. The first and most obvious difference in the two funeral orations is their lengths. Brutus's speech is composed of 403 authoritative words; whereas Antony's speech makes an immense impact with 1097 words. Brutus is over-confident and only says what he needs to in order to get his point across. He does not expect anything more than a tear-filled eulogy from Antony, therefore shortening his explanation of Caesar's murder. Brutus is also having some regrets about his murderous deed, and he does not want to sound as if he is defending himself or his motives, simply interpreting them. Antony, on the other hand, has much more to say than Brutus anticipates. His speech is split into six lengthy sections. First, Antony counters what Brutus says by proving that Caesar was not ambitiou... ...ve in his cause rather than Brutus's. Finally, while the crowd is in awe of Brutus's raw power and booming authority, Antony uses sarcasm to rip down any respect the Roman people may have built for Brutus and the conspirators. In his funeral oration, Antony insults Brutus ten times by stating that he is "an honorable man" (Act III, scene ii, line 84) in a tone of biting mockery, therefore questioning Brutus's credibility. It is true that the Roman people have emotions that sway with the winds, but this is partly due to the great speaking skills of both Brutus and Mark Antony. Using different tactics, the speakers are able to play a game of tug-of-war. Antony unexpectedly pulls Brutus facedown into the mud where Caesar's blood, still fresh, forms puddles.

Need of a Strengthened Species Act Essay

There lived a bird called Passenger Pigeon in North America. A century ago people could see them in thousands or even in millions. Sadly, there are very few of them left today. The species called passenger pigeons was becaming extinct like many other species. Obviously, there were no laws to protect endangered species, resulting in the large scale destruction of the native habitat. Providing legislation is, in any case, one important aspect in shaping environmentalism. Taking today’s increasing threats towards the environment in to account, a collaborative action and response become increasingly inevitable. It would provide opportunities towards expanding the value of implementing responsibility and changes with the current challenges. Therefore, the capacity of exploring the development of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) remains to be considered and vital. So this paper will analyze the present scenario to focus on the issue â€Å"should the endangered species act be strengthened? By addressing the specific loopholes in its legislation and expanding its policies to meet the current demands of today, the ESA can fully utilize its value in ensuring a mutual accountability to the government and the citizenry. However, considering the current environmental challenges, the analysis shall look into the differing perspectives concerning the viability of expanding the tenets inscribed within the ESA. It includes formulating and assessing how each side corresponds to either its development or abolishment. Catering to this avenue can help provide effective representation of issues shaping these diverging perspectives. Contradicting Ideas of Development of ESA Proponents seek to establish new principles and avenues which can address the current trends of today. On analyzing the contradicting Ideas about the expansion of ESA, the principle that has always been advocated is the reinforcement of new patterns towards amending the law, which can help standardize measures that are important today and cultivate better means for participation among the citizenry and the government (Desiderio, 2002). At the same time, the current conditions among species, considerably needs attention. Given the continued strategy to exhaust resources, updating the ESA would prove to be a constructive strategy in creating new means for consolidating efforts such as budgeting, policies, and programs for preservation (United States Senate, 2005). On the other hand, the contrasting perspective considers the abolishment of the ESA. The main reason for this revolves around the inability of the law to further address the environmental problems. It points out that the accounts for change only resulted to further degradation due to the loopholes associated with this mandate (Miller and Spoolman, 2008). Seeing this, it is indeed crucial to provide the responsibility towards institutions, organizations, and citizens that are more concerned, dynamic, and adaptive to the continuous change happening in the system. These avenues in turn necessitate better means of addressing endangered species without ample consideration to existing standards related to policies (Easton, 2009). Critically analyzing the issue, the value of expanding the ESA is one approach that can involve the government in efforts to address the problems of the environment. In particular, it considers the ability to shape furthering and expanding conservation efforts. With the ability of the US government to provide support through budgeting and enacting of rules and standards, it creates better means of consolidating the threats to endangered species (Miller and Spoolman, 2008). Such directions then infuse creating a consensus towards creating a society that is responsive and responsible towards sustainability, preservation, and conservation of today’s endangered species. At the same time, expanding the ESA also culminates the process of infusing the role of the government in social concerns. Since environmental conservation and protection of endangered species goes along with other social issues, pointing out new prospects for ESA can deliver important results (e. g. expanding the protection of animals, habitat conservation, and exhaustion of resources). Allowing this process to occur justifies the cause of establishing relationships and widens the scope of application as the interplay of groups and individuals becomes fully realized (Desiderio, 2002). Making ESA More Reasonable, Effective and Accepted Overall, it is important now to use all the available sources to recognize how the conflicting perspectives contribute to the process of negotiations and ascertaining interests. Such directions can then establish the process of how ESA not only consolidates the value of protection and conservation but also be an instrument towards furthering opportunities to reach out, communicate, and respond to the increasing threats towards sustainability and adherence to current trends. One of the main objectives of enhancing the ESA should be the maximum utilization of the money spent and recovery efforts made for the benefit to of the suggested species. Economic factors are to play no part in listing species is an original ESA mandate. While designating critical habitat, as well as accounting for species impact in development, both require a complex balancing of environmental versus economic factors (Environmental Policy Issues 2004). An example to the importance of this objective is the Pacific salmon population of the Columbia River Basin. The region includes parts of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada and some parts of Canada. Ever since the first listing of the Salmon population under ESA, the Bonneville Power Administration alone has spent $3. 5 billion on recovery efforts. However, to this date no published reference, to the benefits given to this five listed population by this large amount of money, have come into light (Shepard 2002). Considering the fact that ESA is the prime piece of legislation that protects the biodiversity, development is inevitable in ESA on such facts as a) enhancing the recognized causes of decline in the number of species, b) numbering of critical species must be done on a newly developed scientific base and the recovery plans needs to be very active. An assumption within the current ESA is that the species are declining in number because of the loss of habitat. Shepherd (2002) stated that many raptors including Bald Eagles are declined in number because of the thinning effect in the insecticide DDT on egg shells. Pacific Salmon has been declining due to climatic and ocean conditions. Some of these causations are beyond our capacity to control. Habitat loss had a telling effect on decline of most of the species like buffalo which were once numerous on the grass lands of United States. Those historical grass land habitats have now been converted into farms, cities, plantations and interstate highways. It is important now for ESA to recognize all the reasons for the decline of species. ESA would need still more responsible agencies to decide a few information in timely manner. First of all the determination should be accurate and impeccable on population size of species that how many potential inter breeding individuals that it may not become extinct. Secondly, the determination needs to be accurately made on the numbers are sufficiently increased and to be removed from the ESA list. Moreover, what action needs to be taken in order to increase the size of the population. ESA must direct the agencies to develop such administrative steps so that their decisions would be wholly based on the available science. ESA needs an enhancement which would ensure that every decision taken and implemented is scientific. The data collection can be done by the agencies with a complete co-operation of the public. The goal of the Endangered Species Act is not only to prevent extinction but also to bring species back to healthy population levels. The FWS describes recovery as the â€Å"process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened species is arrested or reversed, and threats removed or reduced so that the species’ survival in the wild can be ensured (Species Report Card 1997). That is why Shepherd (2002) insists on the active recovery plans. An active plan might include a description of site specific management plans which would be helpful to achieve conservation and survival of the species. The recovery plan must indicate the target population number and the criteria to assess when the targeted population number is achieved. There needs to be a schedule to implement the project with all the priorities and budget. The species report card calls for even more specifications on the recovery plans such as species reintroduction, habitat acquisition, captive propagation, habitat restoration and protection, population assessments, research and technical assistance for landowners, and public education. A time limit for a regulatory action is a federal statute mandate. The private sector undergo severe impacts if a decision is delayed resulting in a non issuance or non authorization of a permit. The private institutions might even be put out of business on such regulatory responsiveness is shown by any federal agency. One way to possibly change these attitudes and behaviors is, says Shepard (2002), by making continuing education an integral part of the technical staffs’ career. Training in the specific scientific and management knowledge needed to efficiently and effectively fulfill a job description is not asking too much of anyone. And it is a very good use of public funds and public employee time. Such changes in the ESA administration are vital for an effective and fruitful implementation of ESA. Enhancing in ESA is inevitable as it is extreme and inflexible in mandating the protection of every species regardless of other considerations. â€Å"The 1970s case of the snail darter (Percina tanasi), a small fish on the Little Tennessee River that was threatened with extinction by the building of a dam, led to an amendment allowing petitions for exemption from ESA requirements. More recently, critics have questioned the science behind ESA enforcement, arguing that healthy species are placed on the protected list. Finally, the judicial costs are enormous; lawsuits from both pro-environmental and pro-growth factions add greatly to the expense of enforcing the ESA† (Environmental Policy Issues 2004). Conclusion ESA is often measured as the most thriving section of environmental legislation; it still has the reputation of being controversial. The suggestions made here, after analyzing the conflicting perspectives are technical enough to advance the force behind the implementation of ESA. This will provide an improved co-operation and adherence from the part of the regulated public towards the realization of a better working statute. Thus the ESA should evolve itself to include sound since in order to avoid controversies. References Desiderio, M. (2002) Chapter 27: ESA Reform: Facing Hard Truths. The Endangered Species Act: law, policy, and perspectives. eds. Baur, D. C. , Irvin, W. R. , American Bar Associaton and Section of Environment, Energy and Resources. (US: American Bar Association) pp. 533-544 Easton (2009) Principle Versus Politics: Should the Endangered Species Act Be Strengthened? Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Environmental Issues. 13th ed. (US: McGraw-Hill Companies). Environmental Policy Issues (2004) The Endangered species act Issues; Proquest Cambridge Information group. http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/ern/04jun/overview. php accessed on 11th May, 2010. Miller, G. T. and Spoolman, S. (2008) Case Study: U. S. Endangered Species Act. Sustaining the Earth. (US: Cengage Learning). Shepard, B. R (2002) How to Improve the Endangered Species Act; Applied Ecosystem Services Inc. Troutdale Species Report Card (1997) Association of biodiversity information and the nature conservancy; The state of US plants and animals. United States Senate (2005) Endangered Species Act: hearing. (US: DIANE Publishing).

The Management Of The Walt Disney Company - 1736 Words

The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries, operates as an entertainment company worldwide. The company’s Media Networks segment operates cable programming services, including the ESPN, Disney channels, and Freeform networks; broadcast businesses, which include the ABC TV Network and eight owned television stations; radio businesses consisting of the ESPN Radio Network; and the Radio Disney network. It also produces and sells original live-action and animated television programming to first-run syndication and other television markets, as well as subscription video on demand services and in home entertainment formats, such as DVD, Blu-Ray, and iTunes. It’s Parks and Resorts segment owns and operates the Walt Disney World†¦show more content†¦Members can watch as much as they want, anytime, anywhere, on nearly any Internet-connected screen. Members can play, pause and resume watching, all without commercials or commitments. The company operates in three segments: Domestic streaming, International streaming and Domestic DVD. It offer members with the ability to receive TV shows and movies streaming content, including original series, documentaries, and feature films through a host of Internet-connected screens, such as TVs, digital video players, TV set-top boxes, and mobile devices. The company also provides DVDs-by-mail membership services. Netflix, Inc. is headquartered in Los Gatos, California and has 3,700 full-time employees (Yahoo Finance, 2017). See Appendix Chart #1 for Leadership and Key Players. Disney is one of the strongest media companies in the world with an enviable track record thanks to CEO Bob Iger and a string of smart acquisitions, including Pixar, Lucasfilm, and Marvel. Yet despite that, the company still faces a number of significant challenges. One of the main challenges is the future of ESPN, the sports network that accounts for a significant amount of Disney s profit. 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