Steam Jet Refrigeration System - 1967 Words

A Seminar Report On Working Principal of Steam jet refrigeration system Submitted by Amit Prakash Roll No-1126004 Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Patna Patna-800005, Bihar (India) Candidate Declaration This is to certify that seminar report entitled Working principle of Steam jet refrigeration system has been prepared by me under the supervision of Dr. Amarnath Sinha Professor†¦show more content†¦Flashing a portion of the water in the tank reduces the liquid temperature. Figure 3.66 presents a schematic arrangement of a steam jet refrigeration system for water cooling. In the system shown, high-pressure steam expands while flowing through the nozzle 1. The expansion causes a drop in pressure and an enormous increase in velocity. Steam flows through the ejector (or sometimes called an eductor or venturi) and creates a low pressure zone in the branch nozzle of the ejector. The low pressure nozzle is connected to a chamber filled with water.As the pressure continues to reduce in the water filled chamber the water begins to boil. This provides the cooling action. The velocity is gradually reduced in the diffuser but the pressure of the steam at the condenser 4 is increased 5-10 times more than that at the entrance of the diffuser (e.g. from 0.01 bar to 0.07 bar).This pressure value corresponds to the condensing temperature of 40 °C. This means that the mixture of high-pressure steam and the flash vapor may be liquefied in the condenser. The latent heat of condensation is transferred to the condenser water, which may be at 25  °C. The condensate 5 is pumped back to the boiler, from which it may again be vaporized at a high pressure. The evaporation of a relatively small amount of water in the flash tank (or flash cooler) reduces the temperature of the main bodyShow MoreRelatedINTRODUCTION The reduction or reuse of waste heat provides an excellent opportunity for cost3400 Words   |  14 Pagesand working fluid for efficient heat source utilization. This study presents a theoretical and an experimental analysis of a combined power/cooling cycle, which combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, uses ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid and produces power and refrigeration, while power is the primary goal. This cycle, also known as the Goswami Cycle, can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or as an independent cycle using lowRead MoreSolar Energy.The Form Of Electromagnetic Energy Emitted1902 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough the absorption desorption process without the requirement of large shaft work input. 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Essay The Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus - 993 Words

In a play known as The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, written by Christopher Marlowe in the late fifteen-hundreds, is about a German Scholar who has mastered all the traditional subjects, but with an overly ambitious need of wanting to learn more about the world. During that period, they were to not question the world, because it was like questioning their belief in God. Therefore, the subject that he turned to was of the dark arts. Faustus knew some scholars that taught him their ways. He trained himself as a summoner and summoned a devil names Mephistopheles; Faustus questioned Mephistopheles and demands for the bringing of Lucifer. In which the devil responds to him by telling about the horrors of hell and how heaven is the best†¦show more content†¦Faustus had the sin of lust and pride present instead of God, which is two out of the seven deadly sins. 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An effective costume speaks to the audience’s subconscious store of knowledge and experience, helping them to identify the individual charactersRead More Barkovs Hamlet: A Tragedy of Errors Essay6762 Words   |  28 Pages William Shakespeare authorship: The text of Hamlet contains indications that Shakespeare portrayed himself as an allegedly dead university graduate. HAMLET: A TRAGEDY OF ERRORS, OR THE TRAGICAL FATE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE? by Alfred Barkov To the contents When the text of William Shakespeare: a mask for Hamlet - Christopher Marlowe? William Shakespeare Hamlet is read attentively, and no details are disregarded, it becomes evident that William Shakespeare included in it something quite different

Stakeholder Engagement in Adaptation Interventions - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stakeholder Engagement in Adaptation Interventions. Answer: Introduction: Stakeholders are an important part of any business organisation. Each company works towards maximizing the interests of the stakeholders. Stakeholders can be considered as key element of any corporate entity. Stakeholder can be understood as any person, group, community that has interest or concern in the organization. Stakeholders can be affected or affect the organizations objectives, actions policies. Stakeholders can be understood as creditors, directors, shareholders, government agencies, owners, suppliers, agencies, community etc., from which business draws its resources. Stakeholders have different stakes or interests in the company and hence not all of them are equal ( Vallaster Wallpach, 2013) In this report, we will understand the scope of different stakeholders, their vested interests in the company and how to effectively engage the stakeholders. Not all stakeholders are active and participate in business communication. Some are dormant by nature and hence it becomes really difficult for organisation to grow when all the stakeholders are not on the same page. Engagement is extremely essential for any businesss growth and thus requires active participation of stakeholders. Also, some of the concern in engagement of stakeholders is voicing their opinion; some of the stakeholders are dominated by others, which result in unequal voicing on an issue or a problem. These stakeholders thus forms a part of the minority group, whose concern are not paid enough heads to, this is extremely hurtful for any companys interests. To engage these kinds of stakeholders, different ideas have to be thought of; thinking out of the box will only help them to give their voices a platform and at tention too. Hence, it can be established that a genuine representative engagement is a must and should for any companys goals and objectives and also to further lead the company to the path of success. Any successful company in the present world relies heavily on the stakeholders participation and engagement (Andriof, Waddock, Husted Rahman, 2017). In the report further we will see how we can increase the genuine participation of stakeholders in the organisation and what measures could be taken to increase the engagement. Stakeholder engagement: It can be understood as the process through which a company interacts with its stakeholders in order to achieve a desired outcome or objective, this helps them to achieve a desired outcome with increased accountability. In earlier days , stakeholder engagement used to be done only in order to mitigate the risks, but now, after understanding the importance of it, stakeholder engagement have become proactive as it helps to enhance sustainability and profitability of the organisation (RInaldi,Unerman Tilt, 2014). There are numerous opportunities to interact with the stakeholders, organisation should carefully observe and then nurture the relationships it wants to build with the stakeholders. Benefits of engaging with the stakeholders: Building trust: This goes down a long road as it certainly helps in strengthening the ties between the company and stakeholders and also helps in improving relationships. It also helps to reduce any tension what so ever between the company and the stakeholders (Dawkins,2014) Risk Management: Stakeholders, if are on the same page as the company it goes a long way in mitigating the risk and creating a stable environment and a great workplace for everyone. Brand enhancement: Engaging with stakeholders in a positive manner helps the brand getting an increased visibility and thus earning a good reputation for the company. Customer, investors and other stakeholders see this as a sign of strength and growth, thus making the companys brand more powerful (Gao Zhang, 2006) Improved Productivity: Better engagement with the stakeholders can also increase the productivity of the company, stakeholders come from different expertise and a great experience, and hence their inputs can help in increasing the productivity of the organisation (Riordan Fairbrass, 2014) Strategic opportunities: Stakeholders helps to identifying new avenues of business and also new areas in which company can be more efficient and thus explore new business segments and markets. Increased partnership: Engaging with stakeholders can get the companies more resources and also create a resource pool to achieve a common goal. Increased investment: Engaging with stakeholders can help the company attract greater investment form the impactful and deep pockets investors (Carman Workman, 2017) It is really essential to build a great relationship with the stakeholders and engaging with them is the only way to derive that. Achieving genuine representation of stakeholders is a concern for the managers, but there are a couple of methods by which engagement of the stakeholders can be ensured Engagement strategies for stakeholders: Engagement type Description Communicate/Disclose It can be understood as one way communication from the company to stakeholders, the information can be about new practices, developments that may impact them. This goes down in building a relationship with the stakeholders and also demonstrates transparency in the system. Examples of this type of communication can be bulletins, speeches, presentations, newsletters , open houses, town hall meetings etc. Consult Company may ask for stakeholders advise on decision making, this would make the stakeholders feel empowered and also a feeling of importance sets in them. When the company is valuing the feedback given by stakeholders, it really helps in getting them engaged. Examples can be surveys, assessments, workshops, feedback etc. Participate It can be seen as a two way communication between the stakeholder and the company in matter of decision making. The decisions are thus taken by individual or by voting system. Examples can be leadership summit, focus groups, interviews, research and analysis. Partner/Negotiate This can be seen as collaboration between the parties for a mutual interest. The company and stakeholders develop synergies and hence also reduce the risks by covering all the thinking aspects to a problem. Examples can be joint committee, joint ventures, partnerships, alliances. Empower Stakeholders are given special powers to influence companys governance and also get involved in important decision making. Examples of this type of engagement can be, stakeholders representation on the board, warranty etc. It is though established that public forums like open house meetings, town halls can get a bigger representation of stakeholders and goes a long way to ensure their engagements. I am totally in sync with the ideology that goes behind organising public meetings to get stakeholders representation. Minority Representation: There is no denial that there are certain stakeholders who are more active than the other , but by using the different engagement strategies as mentioned above can help the stakeholders to engage more with the company. There are certain stakeholders who are more vocal and articulate about their opinions and raising their voice over others, the same can be contributed to their personality traits of being vocal. This is a cause of concern for the company as it disallows or demotivates other stakeholders who are less confident and are not vocal, they thus form a part of the minority group. Such stakeholders thus end up being quiet or raising their voice or opinion, and hence leads to a lesser participation in comparison to other stakeholders. This can lead to some serious damage to the company as some views opinion might be worthy of being listened to, but gets lost due to such strong stakeholders. Company should thus ensure that all the stakeholders should participate. This can be ensu red by individual meeting with the stakeholders, where they can open up to the engagers and give their view point. Other techniques which will help the process can be feedback, mail exchange, motivation to the stakeholders, empowering them , explain them the importance of their contribution to the companys growth, making them understand organisation values their feedback and the same can only be achieved if they overcome their fear and indulge in active participation in any form possible (Conley Wright, 2015) Guidelines for a successful engagement: Engaging with stakeholders at an early stage and more often: Proactive, transparent communication with the stakeholders can built trust and also makes them realize their importance to the organisation. It also shows that the company is committed to engagement with its stakeholders. Hence, even if there is no pressing need to engage with the stakeholders, keeping them in loop on even normal day to day matter would make them feel important thus ensuring their better participation (Krogman, 2017) Keep the language easy for the stakeholders: The communication which is put out to the stakeholders should be presented in such a manner which is really easy to understand, succinct and easy to absorb. Difficult language makes it really confusing at ties for the stakeholders which might make them shy to engage with the content. Being thoughtful and sincere: It is a known t=fact that the stakeholders are backbone of any company, hence listening to them carefully and implementing the changes they have advised will be a big step towards further engagement. Listening to stakeholders will make them really comfortable and they would come out in the open and give their views more often and thus increasing their engagement with the company (Jami Walsh, 2014) Recognize challenges: Engagement requires a lot of time and resources and it has to be dealt with utmost importance. It also raises the stakeholders expectation when they are being engaged with the company, it can also lead to disappointment when their views are not considered, hence they have to be made to understand if and when their views and feedback are not considered and the rationale behind the same(Wardle, 2015) Engagement has to be tailored according to the context: Different stakeholders require different strategies of engagement; it also depends on the company size, project type, concern type and many other factors. Hence it is really important to tailor the content for different stakeholders according to the rele vancy of the context (Sherman Ford, 2014) There can also be certain issues or hindrances on the path of stakeholders engagement, which might also hold them back form engaging, some of the rampant issues which are regional can be: Social issues: Some of the stakeholders have social issues like health, job creation, studies, safety etc., and these issues matter more to the stakeholders in comparison to other issues like environment, hence they focus more on the social issues and less on the environmental issues this can be a hindrance on the path of engagement (Mok, Shen Yang, 2015) Different view of opinion: The stakeholders can be divided in two groups, urban and rural stakeholders. For examples urban stakeholders will focus more on the environmental impact because of the mining and excavation industries, whereas rural stakeholders will focus more on the employment opportunities. It thus kinds of creates a misbalance and can also be a cause of less engagement (Esmail, Moore Rein, 2015) Conclusion: It can be concluded by saying that the relationship building with the stakeholders takes a good amount of time and resources. The relationship building with the stakeholders is important. Engaging with them is a key aspect of any business, as these stakeholders have a great experience and learning of their field which is certainly useful for the companies. Thus such techniques should be adopted which helps to create a great ecosystem for the engagement. The language of communicating with the stakeholders have to be thought of, the feedback given have to be understood carefully before implementing any changes, at the same time if a view is not considered the rationale behind the same has to be made to understand to the stakeholders. Empowering the stakeholders will go down as the key strategy to increase the engagement with the company. Processes like open house meeting, town halls, gives a good opportunity of engagement with the stakeholders and also allows a great participation of e very stakeholder (Henisz , Dorobantu Nartey, 2014). References: Vallaster, C. and von Wallpach, S 2013, An online discursive inquiry into the social dynamics of multi-stakeholder brand meaning co-creation, Journal of Business Research, 66(9), pp.1505-1515. Andriof, J., Waddock, S, Husted, B. and Rahman, S.S 2017, Unfolding stakeholder thinking: theory, responsibility and engagement, Routledge. Rinaldi, L., Unerman, J. and Tilt, C 2014, The role of stakeholder engagement and dialogue within the sustainability accounting and reporting process, Sustainability accounting and accountability, pp.86-107. Dawkins, C.E 2014, The principle of good faith: Toward substantive stakeholder engagement, Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2), pp.283-295. Gao, S.S. and Zhang, J.J 2006, Stakeholder engagement, social auditing and corporate sustainability, Business process management journal, 12(6), pp.722-740. ORiordan, L. and Fairbrass, J 2014, Managing CSR stakeholder engagement: A new conceptual framework, Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), pp.121-145. Carman, K.L. and Workman, T.A 2017, Engaging patients and consumers in research evidence: applying the conceptual model of patient and family engagement, Patient education and counseling, 100(1), pp.25-29. Krogman, N 2017, Engaging local stakeholders, McGraw. Conley, H. and Wright, T 2015, Making reflexive legislation work: stakeholder engagement and public procurement in the Public Sector Equality Duty, Equality and Diversity Forum and EDF Research Network. Wardle, M 2015, Evidence Is Not Enough: The Challenges of Engaging Organisational Stakeholders with Different Perspectives, In Derailed Organizational Interventions for Stress and Well-Being (pp. 93-99). Springer Netherlands. Esmail, L., Moore, E. and Rein, A 2015, Evaluating patient and stakeholder engagement in research: moving from theory to practice, Journal of comparative effectiveness research, 4(2), pp.133-145. Mok, K.Y., Shen, G.Q. and Yang, J 2015, Stakeholder management studies in mega construction projects: A review and future directions, International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.446-457. Sherman, M.H. and Ford, J 2014, Stakeholder engagement in adaptation interventions: an evaluation of projects in developing nations, Climate Policy, 14(3), pp.417-441. Jami, A.A. and Walsh, P.R 2014, The role of public participation in identifying stakeholder synergies in wind power project development: The case study of Ontario, Canada. Renewable Energy, 68, pp.194-202. Henisz, W.J., Dorobantu, S. and Nartey, L.J 2014, Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement, Strategic Management Journal, 35(12), pp.1727-1748.